It took on a particularly violent form in the 18th century with the emergence of the Wahhabi movement. Like other mystic and Sufi poets of Persian literature, Rumi's poetry speaks of love which infuses the world. The initial spiritual chain or silsila of the Chishti order in India, comprising Moinuddin Chishti, Bakhtiyar Kaki, Baba Farid, Nizamuddin Auliya (each successive person being the disciple of the previous one), constitutes the great Sufi saints of Indian history. The term tariqa is used for a school or order of Sufism, or especially for the mystical teaching and spiritual practices of such an order with the aim of seeking ḥaqīqah (ultimate truth). وز نما مُردم به حیوان برزدم [79], In the modern world, the classical interpretation of Sunni orthodoxy, which sees in Sufism an essential dimension of Islam alongside the disciplines of jurisprudence and theology, is represented by institutions such as Egypt's Al-Azhar University and Zaytuna College, with Al-Azhar's current Grand Imam Ahmed el-Tayeb recently defining "Sunni orthodoxy" as being a follower "of any of the four schools of [legal] thought (Hanafi, Shafi’i, Maliki or Hanbali) and ... [also] of the Sufism of Imam Junayd of Baghdad in doctrines, manners and [spiritual] purification. O Saadi, do not think that one can treat that way of purity except in the wake of the chosen one. Portail des communes de France : nos coups de coeur sur les routes de France. devotional practices that have achieved currency in world cultures through Sufi influence), one common practice is to visit or make pilgrimages to the tombs of saints, renowned scholars, and righteous people. [citation needed]. [111] The commemoration at UNESCO itself took place on 6 September 2007;[2] UNESCO issued a medal in Rumi's name in the hope that it would prove an encouragement to those who are engaged in research on and dissemination of Rumi's ideas and ideals, which would, in turn, enhance the diffusion of the ideals of UNESCO. 90–92: "Baha al-Din’s disciples also traced his family lineage to the first caliph, Abu Bakr (Sep 9; Af 7; JNO 457; Dow 213). The Book conveys the prophets' circumstances ", "Interview: 'Many Americans Love Rumi...But They Prefer He Not Be Muslim, "Interview: A mystical journey with Rumi", "UNESCO. The vow of obedience to the Shaykh or Qutb which is taken by Sufis is considered incompatible with devotion to the Imam". jannahpoetry:. He was given lessons about Tafsir by Abu Muhammad Ja'far, a commentator. (2008): "“a couple of dozen at most of the 35,000 lines of the Divan-I Shams are in Turkish, and almost all of these lines occur in poems that are predominantly in Persian”". The term مولوی Mawlawī/Mowlavi (Persian) and Mevlevi (Turkish), also of Arabic origin, meaning "my master", is also frequently used for him. Best ghazal poems poems ever written. [67] An abridged translation (from an Urdu translation) of The Alchemy of Happiness was published by Claud Field[68] in 1910. Weeping, then laughing.. 163. To engage in dhikr is to practice consciousness of the Divine Presence and love, or "to seek a state of godwariness". Urdu word Ghazal refers to cry of a doe dear when hunted. ), Banknote Museum: 7. p. 44:“Baha al-Din’s father, Hosayn, had been a religious scholar with a bent for asceticism, occupied like his own father before him, Ahmad, with the family profession of preacher (khatib). For this reason, the command began with him and was sealed with him. For Rumi, music helped devotees to focus their whole being on the divine and to do this so intensely that the soul was both destroyed and resurrected. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. All these orders were founded by a major Islamic scholar, and some of the largest and most widespread included the Suhrawardiyya (after Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi [d. 1168), Qadiriyya (after Abdul-Qadir Gilani [d. 1166]), the Rifa'iyya (after Ahmed al-Rifa'i [d. 1182]), the Chishtiyya (after Moinuddin Chishti [d. 1236]), the Shadiliyya (after Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili [d. 1258]), the Hamadaniyyah (after Sayyid Ali Hamadani [d. 1384], the Naqshbandiyya (after Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari [d. He does not offend anyone, and he includes everyone.... Today Rumi's poems can be heard in churches, synagogues, Zen monasteries, as well as in the downtown New York art/performance/music scene.". Sign up and enjoy FREE unlimited access to a whole Universe of Urdu Poetry, Language Learning, Sufi Mysticism, Rare Texts . [83], The life of the Algerian Sufi master Abdelkader El Djezairi is instructive in this regard. He went out, never to be seen again. Often these resist direct reference or description, with the consequence that the authors of various Sufi treatises took recourse to allegorical language. However, their home was not in the actual city of Balkh, since the mid-eighth century a center of Muslim culture in (Greater) Khorasan (Iran and Central Asia). [187], The Islamic Institute in Mannheim, Germany, which works towards the integration of Europe and Muslims, sees Sufism as particularly suited for interreligious dialogue and intercultural harmonisation in democratic and pluralist societies; it has described Sufism as a symbol of tolerance and humanism—nondogmatic, flexible and non-violent. Winter to Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali, Murad, Abdul Hakim. The claim of maternal descent from the Khwarazmshah for Rumi or his father is also seen as a non-historical hagiographical tradition designed to connect the family with royalty, but this claim is rejected for chronological and historical reasons. “Music in the Islamic Tradition.”, Jonathan A.C. Brown, "Faithful Dissenters,", A. Del Boca, "Gli Italiani in Libia – Tripoli Bel Suol d'Amore" Mondadori 1993, p. 415. Rumi died on 17 December 1273 in Konya. Note: Rumi's shrine is now known as the "Mevlâna Museum" in Turkey. Prerequisites to practice include rigorous adherence to Islamic norms (ritual prayer in its five prescribed times each day, the fast of Ramadan, and so forth). His Masnavi (Mathnawi), composed in Konya, is considered one of the greatest poems of the Persian language. This state of affairs lasted for ten years, but whenever I had some spare and congenial moments I resorted to my intrinsic proclivity. They have spread westwards to Cyprus, Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Republic of Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, and, more recently, to the United States, via Albania. It is rumoured that Shams was murdered with the connivance of Rumi's son, 'Ala' ud-Din; if so, Shams indeed gave his head for the privilege of mystical friendship.[52]. Ghazal is an Arabic word also used in Farsi, for a specific form of poem. Sufi practices, while attractive to some, are not a means for gaining knowledge. As he expressed the Way to one of his close disciples, his legacy is that 'you should never ever abandon your servant-hood (ʿubudiyya), and that there may never be in your soul a longing for any existing thing'.[169]. مُردم از حیوانی و آدم شدم [6] Al-Qushayri and Ibn Khaldun both rejected all possibilities other than ṣūf on linguistic grounds. The spread of Sufism has been considered a definitive factor in the spread of Islam, and in the creation of integrally Islamic cultures, especially in Africa[71] and Asia. For the idea of sanctification in Islam, see, Contributions to other domains of scholarship, The following are among definitions of Sufism quoted in an early Sufi treatise by. There is a famous landmark in Northern India, known as Rumi Gate, situated in Lucknow (the capital of Uttar Pradesh) named for Rumi. "[12] Sufis regard Muhammad as al-Insān al-Kāmil, the primary perfect man who exemplifies the morality of God,[13] and see him as their leader and prime spiritual guide. Nombre * Correo electrónico * Then, when I love him, I am his hearing through which he hears, his sight through which he sees, his hand through which he grasps, and his foot through which he walks. Historically, Sufi Saints permitted and encouraged it, whilst maintaining that musical instruments and female voices should not be introduced, although these are commonplace today. For an introduction to the normative creed of Islam as espoused by the consensus of scholars, see Hamza Yusuf. ed. [49] Tasawwuf is regarded as a science of the soul that has always been an integral part of Orthodox Islam. The members or followers of a tariqa are known as murīdīn (singular murīd), meaning "desirous", viz. Walī (Arabic: ولي‎, plural ʾawliyāʾ أولياء) is an Arabic word whose literal meanings include "custodian", "protector", "helper", and "friend. I am quit of him and outraged by these words. [61] Thus, it is precisely because it is historically proven that "many of the most eminent defenders of Islamic orthodoxy, such as Abdul-Qadir Gilani, Ghazali, and the Sultan Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn (Saladin) were connected with Sufism"[62] that the popular studies of writers like Idries Shah are continuously disregarded by scholars as conveying the fallacious image that "Sufism" is somehow distinct from "Islam. The British government, especially following the 7 July 2005 London bombings, has favoured Sufi groups in its battle against Muslim extremist currents. Or, as Rumi wrote, in Ghazal 2,351: “I used to recite prayers. Jalal al-Din Rumis liv, lære og digtning » Rumi - introduktionsbladet » Rumis digte. In English Generally, lovers of Rumi's poetry will write and send a single line from a poem they have read somewhere, usually a poem they were very attracted to, and ask which book it came from. Archetype, 2010. And likewise the prophetic tradition: "The most favored level of faith is to know that God is witness over you, wherever you may be". If Muhammad rips the veil open from a single such branch, thousands of monks and priests will tear the string of false belief from around their waists. qq音乐是腾讯公司推出的一款网络音乐服务产品，海量音乐在线试听、新歌热歌在线首发、歌词翻译、手机铃声下载、高品质无损音乐试听、海量无损曲库、正版音乐下载、空间背景音乐设置、mv观看等，是互联网音乐播放和下载的优选。 This article is about Sufism. You are the guide of those who are passing through the Valley of Bewilderment. [14], Rumi lived most of his life under the Persianate[40][41][42] Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, where he produced his works[43] and died in 1273 AD. Sufi orders (tariqa) trace most of their original precepts from Muhammad through Ali ibn Abi Talib, with the notable exception of the Naqshbandi order, who trace their original precepts to Muhammad through Abu Bakr. Urdu Ghazal is considered one of the most authentic and popular genres of eastern music, which are verses of love and separation. He was given lessons about hadith by Abu Bakr ibn Muzaffar. In the technical vocabulary of Islamic religious sciences, the singular form karama has a sense similar to charism, a favor or spiritual gift freely bestowed by God. [119] The seeker must also, of necessity, turn away from sins, love of this world, the love of company and renown, obedience to satanic impulse, and the promptings of the lower self. Δέδες, Δ. Thus, practice of "techniques" is not the cause, but instead the occasion for such knowledge to be obtained (if at all), given proper prerequisites and proper guidance by a master of the way. The symbolic emblem of the Naqshbandi Sufi Order, Grave of Ma Yuanzhang, the Sufi Grand Master, in China, Allah's essence within a disciple's heart, associated with the Sarwari Qadri Order, Mirror calligraphy, symbolizing the Sufi Bektashi Order of the Dervish, Safaviyya star from ceiling of Shah Mosque, Isfahan, A symbol from the Mughal Empire: an amulet comprising magic squares, Quranic verses (including Al-Baqara 255 (Throne Verse) (2:255) running around the frame), and invocations to God, with a depiction of Zulfiqar at the center, Sufi mysticism has long exercised a fascination upon the Western world, and especially its Orientalist scholars. The Mewlewī order issues an invitation to people of all backgrounds: Come, come, whoever you are, Sheikh Nadjm ed-Din Kubra was among those killed by the Mongols. Qadiriyya was his patronym. [78], Opposition to Sufi teachers and orders from more literalist and legalist strains of Islam existed in various forms throughout Islamic history. [26], Another explanation traces the lexical root of the word to ṣafā (صفاء), which in Arabic means "purity", and in this context another similar idea of tasawwuf as considered in Islam is tazkiyah (تزكية, meaning: self-purification), which is also widely used in Sufism. Shahram Shiva asserts that "Rumi is able to verbalise the highly personal and often confusing world of personal growth and development in a very clear and direct fashion. [23], The original meaning of sufi seems to have been "one who wears wool (ṣūf)", and the Encyclopaedia of Islam calls other etymological hypotheses "untenable". Rumi and his mausoleum were depicted on the reverse of the 5000 Turkish lira banknotes of 1981–1994.[95]. Brad Gooch is a poet, novelist, and biographer whose most recent book is Rumi’s Secret: The Life of the Sufi Poet of Love.His previous books include the memoir Smash Cut and the biographies Flannery and City Poet.He is the recipient of Guggenheim and NEH fellowships and lives in New York City. Essaysanddissertationshelp.com is a legal online writing service established in the year 2000 by a group of Master and Ph.D. students who were then studying in UK. [88], One of the greatest living authorities on Rûmî in Persia today, Hâdî Hâ'irî, has shown in an unpublished work that some 6,000 verses of the Dîwân and the Mathnawî are practically direct translations of Qur'ânic verses into Persian poetry. The persona of Muhammad has historically been and remains an integral and critical aspect of Sufi belief and practice. The Ni'matullāhī order is the most widespread Sufi order of Persia today. I don't need a companion who is nasty sad and sour the one who is like a grave dark depressing and bitter a sweetheart is a mirror a friend a delicious cake it isn't worth spending an hour with anyone else a companion who is [35] Ali is regarded as one of the major figures amongst the Sahaba who have directly pledged allegiance to Muhammad, and Sufis maintain that through Ali, knowledge about Muhammad and a connection with Muhammad may be attained. [58] The 13th century Mevlâna Mausoleum, with its mosque, dance hall, schools and living quarters for dervishes, remains a destination of pilgrimage to this day, and is probably the most popular pilgrimage site to be regularly visited by adherents of every major religion. [12][13] Rumi's influence transcends national borders and ethnic divisions: Iranians, Tajiks, Turks, Greeks, Pashtuns, other Central Asian Muslims, and the Muslims of the Indian subcontinent have greatly appreciated his spiritual legacy for the past seven centuries. [112], On 30 September 2007, Iranian school bells were rung throughout the country in honour of Mewlana. THE LOOSING SOUL IN GHAZAL 119 POEM BY JALALUDDIN RUMI . [56] In his Al-Risala al-Safadiyya, ibn Taymiyyah describes the Sufis as those who belong to the path of the Sunna and represent it in their teachings and writings. p. 295:“In contrast with the prose of his Discourses and sermons, the style of the letters is consciously sophisticated and epistolary, in conformity with the expectations of correspondence directed to nobles, statesmen and kings", Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2000) Transcendent Theosophy of Mulla Sadra, Rumi: 53 Secrets from the Tavern of Love, trans.

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